Variational Iteration and Homotopy Perturbation Methods for Solving Fredholm-VolterraIntegro-Differential Equations

Abstract

In this article, He’s variational iteration and Homotopy Perturbation methods are modified by adding a perturbation term to the resulting system of first integro-differential equation obtained after reducing higher order Fredholm-Volterra integro-differential equations. The resulting revealed that both methods, are very effective and simple. We also observed that the higher the values of  (the degree of approximant), the closer the approximate solutions obtained to the exact solutions. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the applications of the methods.